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1. Overview

The TB6600 is a robust stepper motor driver for 2-phase bipolar stepper motors. It supports adjustable current, microstepping, and has built-in protection features. Commonly used in CNC machines, 3D printers, and robotics, it allows precise control of motor movement.

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2. Specifications

• Input Voltage: 9–42 V DC
• Output Current: 0.5–4.5 A (set via DIP switches)
• Microstepping: Full step to 1/64 step
• Control Signals: Pulse (PUL), Direction (DIR), Enable (ENA)
• Protection: Over-voltage, over-current, thermal shutdown
• Motor Compatibility: Bipolar stepper motors (NEMA 17, 23, 34)

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3. Terminal Connections

Signal Inputs

Terminal	Function
PUL+ / PUL-	Step pulse input
DIR+ / DIR-	Direction control
ENA+ / ENA-	Enable signal

Power & Motor Outputs

Terminal	Function
VCC / GND	DC power supply (9–42 V)
A+ / A-	Motor coil A
B+ / B-	Motor coil B

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4. DIP Switch Settings (from enlarged casing tables)

Current Settings

SW1	SW2	SW3	Current (A)
OFF	OFF	OFF	0.5
ON	OFF	OFF	1.0
OFF	ON	OFF	1.5
ON	ON	OFF	2.0
OFF	OFF	ON	2.5
ON	OFF	ON	3.0
OFF	ON	ON	3.5
ON	ON	ON	4.5

Microstep Resolution

SW4	SW5	SW6	Steps per Revolution
OFF	OFF	OFF	200 (Full step)
ON	OFF	OFF	400 (1/2 step)
OFF	ON	OFF	800 (1/4 step)
ON	ON	OFF	1600 (1/8 step)
OFF	OFF	ON	3200 (1/16 step)
ON	OFF	ON	6400 (1/32 step)
OFF	ON	ON	12800 (1/64 step)

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5. Wiring Example

Controller → TB6600

• PUL+ → 5V
• PUL- → Arduino/ESP32 pin (e.g., D2)
• DIR+ → 5V
• DIR- → Arduino/ESP32 pin (e.g., D3)
• ENA+ → 5V
• ENA- → Arduino/ESP32 pin (optional, e.g., D4)

Motor → TB6600

• A+ / A- → Coil A
• B+ / B- → Coil B

Power Supply

• VCC → 24 V DC (recommended)
• GND → Power ground

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6. Example Arduino Code

#define PUL 2
#define DIR 3
#define ENA 4

void setup() {
  pinMode(PUL, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(DIR, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(ENA, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(ENA, LOW); // Enable driver
}

void loop() {
  digitalWrite(DIR, HIGH); // Set direction
  for (int i = 0; i < 200; i++) { // 200 steps = 1 revolution (full step)
    digitalWrite(PUL, HIGH);
    delayMicroseconds(500);
    digitalWrite(PUL, LOW);
    delayMicroseconds(500);
  }
  delay(1000);
}

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7. Applications

• CNC routers & mills
• Laser engravers
• 3D printers
• Robotics (linear/rotary motion)
• Automated machinery

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8. Best Practices

• Use a stable DC supply (24 V recommended).
• Match current setting to motor’s rated current.
• Provide cooling (heatsink/fan).
• Use shielded cables for long signal wires.
• Double-check coil wiring (A+/A-, B+/B-).

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